Improvement in mortising-mach in es



UNiTnn STATES SMITH SPENCER, OF ANGELICA, NEV YORK.

IMPROVEMENT iN MORTISING-MACHINES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 7,635, dated September10, 1850.

T0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SMITH SPENCER, of Angelica, in the county ofAllegany and State of New York, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Machines for Mortisiug and Tenoning Lumber, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, andin which- Figure l represents a view in perspective of mymortising-machine complete, and Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are views ona larger scale of various mortising and tenoning chisels adaptedthereto.

In my machine the lumber to be acted upon is supported on a carriagewhich is moved at each stroke of the chisel to feed the wood to thecutting-edge. The chisel also receives a turning motion as it enters thewood, which produces a drawing out that facilitates its action upon thewood.

In the accompanying drawings, A is a strong frame composed of timberssuitably framed and braced, to which the remaining members of themachine are secured. The front legs B of this frame are pierced withvertical slots a to admit the bolts by which an adjustable bed C, onwhich the feed-carriage slides, is secured to the frame. Theupper faceof this bed is grooved longitudinally at b b to receive and guide adovetailed feather secured to the bottom of the carriage D. The latteris com-l posed of a bottom piece c and a back d, the upper edge of thelatter being furnished with two reversed ratoh-plates e e. The bottompiece c is furnished with one or more clamps f, by means of which thelumber to be tenoned is secured to it.

A second frame E is mounted upon the iirst. It is arranged to slideforward or backward upon the main frame, and is secured to it in anydesired position by means of bolts g passing through slots formed in theadjacent rails of the two. This adjustable frame supports thechisel-mandrel F and the levers h h for operating the fingers t 1l bymeans of which motion is imparted to the feedbarriage D. Thechisel-mandrel F is supported and guided in an upright position by boxesj, secured to the front sides of the horizontal rails 7c t of theadjustable frame. A socket is formed in its lower extremity to receivethe shank of the chisel Z. The chisel-mandrel is depressed and raised bymeans of an arm G, projected from an upright bar I, sliding in boxessecured to the hinder faces of the rails la 7c. This bar is connected atits upper extremity with a hand-lever H, which projects in front of themachine, and is pivoted at its hinder extremity to a link-bar m, whoselower end is connected with the main frame. The lower extremity of thesliding bar I is connected by alink-bar'm with the front extremity of afalse treadle J, pivoted to the lower part of the main frame and actedupon by a treadle K, whose front extremity projects at the front of themachine. lever II or the foot to the treadle K the sliding bar with itsarm G and the chisel-mandrel F are depressed. The return motion orraising of these members of the machine is effected by a spring L,secured to the adj ustable frame and acting upon a pin projected fromthe hinder side of the sliding bar I. Two upright bent levers 7i 71, arepivoted near their centers to one of the rails loof the adjustableframe. The lower extremities of these levers are fitted with fingers ii', which fall upon the teeth of the ratch-plates e c. Their upperextremities are bent toward each other in such positions that as thesliding bar I ascends the arm G forces the upper extremities of thelevers outward from each other and moves their lower extremities in thereverse directions. A spring o is applied to each lever, so that theirupper extremities are returned toward each other as the arm descends.But one of the lingers is allowed to act at a time, the other beingturned up, as represented in Fig. l, and as the sliding bar I descendsand rises the finger in action, alternately acting against the straightand the inclined faces of the ratchet-teeth, moves the carriage along,thus feeding the wood secured to it beneath the chisel Z. The upperextremity of the chisel-mandrel is grooved longitudinally at itsopposite sides with two grooves r s. The one r of these is straight andis parallel to the axis of the mandrel. The other s is zigzag. Anadjustable plate N is secured to the top of the rail lo. This plate isperforated with an oblong hole, through which the chisel-mandrel passes.The opposite ends of this oblong hole are fitted with two tongues t u atsuch a distance apart that the chisel-mandrel can move freely betweenthem without touching either. The

By applying the hand to the 2 *ncaa V4groove fr, themandrel Will beforced'to .nieveY in an upright direct-ion alone; but when one of thetongues is in the zigzag groove s the mandrel in rising and falling willbe forced to oscillate uponits axis, and thus a drawing cut Will be madeby the vcurved chisel or gouge (see Fig. 5) as it acts upon the Wood.

The wood to be acted upon is secured to the carriage D by theclamp-screw f, and if a mortise is to be made the gouge, Fig. 5, shouldbe fitted to the mandrel. The sliding or tongue plate is then clamped insuch a position as will bring one of the tongues fu, into the zigzaggroove of the chisel-mandrel, which is alternatelydepressed and raisedbythe action ofthe foot upon the treadle K and the spring L, While atthe same time the Wood is lmoved along at each stroke of the mandrel bymeans of the finger t" acting upon its appropriate ratch-plate. Vhen themortise has been roughed out by the gouge a sufficient distance in onedirection, the tongue-plate N is unclamped and is moved sufficiently todraw the tongue tt out of the groove. The mandrel is then turnedhalf-Way round. The ton gue-plate is again moved to bring the othertongue t into the zigzag groove and is made fast by the clamp-screw. Thefinger t" is also raised and the other finger 'L' turned down upon itsratch-plate c. The chisel-mandrel is again moved by the treadle, and thecarriage with the Wood upon it is moved .along at each stroke of thechisel in a direction the reverse of that in which it was first moved.Then the mortise has been roughed out, a straightedged chisel issubstituted for the gouge, and the tongues of the plate are caused toact in the straight groove r. The chisel-mandrel then moves up and downWithout turning upon its axis, and the ends of the mortise are squared.

The machine thus described is applicable to mortising and tenoning ofall descriptions, as the carriage can be raised and lowered and can beset at any required angle. It can also be shifted forward by removing itfrom the bed C and replacing it with the dovetailed feather in a groovefarther from the legs of the frame. The movable frame can also beadjusted in any desired position. The machine is easily secured to theshop-Walls by bolts p passed through its hinder legs. The draw- 'ing cutmade by the round-edged chisel or gouge is of great advantage,particularly when mortising hard Woods, as it enables the operator toforce the chisel into the wood with a less expenditure of labor and lessdanger of breakage.

VhatI claim as new in theherein-described mortising-machine, and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is

In combination with a device for giving the chisel a reciprocatingmotion, the device for giving it at the same time an oscillating motion,substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereto subscribed my name.

SMITH SPENCER.

lVitnesses:

E. S. BENWICK, P. H. WATSON.

